tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13860805563438650732024-03-19T05:17:48.703+01:00Raro'sAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-91494210382869116862013-08-12T09:39:00.001+02:002013-08-12T09:39:46.100+02:00My new WEBSITEPlease go to see my new website <a href="http://rarodavide.wix.com/raro-davide" target="_blank">here</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-54230430042990082842013-01-02T17:44:00.001+01:002013-01-02T17:44:16.454+01:00Wind Shear<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Wind Shear Landing in Rome Fiumicino Airport. Who want to talk about it?</b></span><div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-26297667722794484472012-06-10T13:59:00.001+02:002012-06-10T14:05:04.515+02:00All WEATHER INC.'s Weather stationThis is located in Topcular ( Turkish ).<br />
At moment I installed other 3 weather stations. I still have to install 11 additional weather stations.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOblFjzeixDlCeTXey5LP1_iBboDGvPoFqX4d6M8dVpgS0a1VmoeS-HXteMxZNsmClQXeCPA-c9X7TojTRAytGu1xWHrhvSRAj-NB0UboLZbc4TIyvrktPHNk6EYGeMfWYzshv4U_U_SmM/s640/blogger-image--855497235.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOblFjzeixDlCeTXey5LP1_iBboDGvPoFqX4d6M8dVpgS0a1VmoeS-HXteMxZNsmClQXeCPA-c9X7TojTRAytGu1xWHrhvSRAj-NB0UboLZbc4TIyvrktPHNk6EYGeMfWYzshv4U_U_SmM/s640/blogger-image--855497235.jpg" width="479" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-39412066339918587322012-06-06T08:09:00.001+02:002012-06-06T08:09:10.777+02:00Istanbul Ataturk METARI'm going there for work<div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnJh1hLkSxLewwKEGbhY5sp-UyKv7FqHMrcBAmr5UI9zgRvUF3YlWd_1-nZeo0SMMT2oQE0QeYucwEcfmS-pcFCirc5hoEVl2IjJZ8rxEgZeECV1uUlmMpiGn2JQX8uBzI2U9LI7k2cFL/s640/blogger-image-124311705.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGnJh1hLkSxLewwKEGbhY5sp-UyKv7FqHMrcBAmr5UI9zgRvUF3YlWd_1-nZeo0SMMT2oQE0QeYucwEcfmS-pcFCirc5hoEVl2IjJZ8rxEgZeECV1uUlmMpiGn2JQX8uBzI2U9LI7k2cFL/s640/blogger-image-124311705.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0Roma Roma41.828414 12.437971tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-89435149783547435352012-05-29T21:41:00.004+02:002012-05-29T21:41:58.620+02:00Radar PSR,SSR,COM and Weather Radar<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Radar (<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;"><b>RA</b>dio <b>D</b>etection <b>A</b>nd <b>R</b>anging</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;">)</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">is an object-detection system which uses </span>radio waves<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect </span>aircraft<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, ships, </span>spacecraft<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">,</span>guided missiles<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, </span>motor vehicles<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, </span>weather formations<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio waves or </span>microwaves<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> which bounce off any object in their path. The object returns a tiny part of the wave's energy to a dish or antenna which is usually located at the same site as the transmitter. Radar is used on airport as </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">aircraft anticollision systems and flight control system.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">There are three type of radar used for flight control:</span></i></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>PSR (Primary Surveillance Radar)</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar)</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>COM (PSR and SSR)</i></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><b>Primary Radar</b></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Electromagnetic waves<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> reflect (scatter) from any large change in the </span>dielectric constant<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> or</span>diamagnetic<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> constants. This means that a solid object in </span>air<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> or a </span>vacuum<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, or other significant change in atomic density between the object and what is surrounding it, will usually scatter radar (radio) waves.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">PSR recieve the following data:</span></i></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>Aircraft range</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>Aircraft Azimuth</i></span></span></li>
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<i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">The average coverage of PSR is 100 nautical miles .</span></i></div>
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<a href="http://www.nrplgroup.com/images/KZ_radar_site_small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.nrplgroup.com/images/KZ_radar_site_small.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><b>Secondary Radar</b></i></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">Secondary surveillance radar</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> (</span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">SSR</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">)</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> is a </span>radar<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> system used in </span>air traffic control<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> (ATC), that not only detects and measures the position of aircraft i.e. range and bearing, but also requests additional information from the aircraft itself such as its identity and altitude. Unlike primary radar systems that measure only the range and bearing of targets by detecting reflected radio signals, SSR relies on targets equipped with a radar </span>transponder<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, that replies to each interrogation signal by transmitting a response containing encoded data. SSR is based on the military </span>identification friend or foe<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> (IFF) technology.</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;">The average coverage of PSR is 220 nautical miles .</span></i></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ssr_coelpin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ssr_coelpin.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><b>Radar COM</b></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>This include Radar PSR and SRS.</i></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.eldis.cz/foto/katalog/PA251740.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://www.eldis.cz/foto/katalog/PA251740.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Weather Radar</b></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">Weather radar</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, also called </span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">weather surveillance radar</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> (</span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">WSR</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">) and </span><b style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">Doppler weather radar</b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, is a type of </span>radar<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> used to locate </span>precipitation<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (</span>rain<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, </span>snow<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, </span>hail<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, etc.). Modern weather radars are mostly </span>pulse-Doppler radars<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">, capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition to the intensity of the precipitation. Both types of data can be analyzed to determine the structure of storms and their potential to cause </span>severe weather<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">.</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">Weather radars send directional pulses of </span>microwave<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> radiation, on the order of a </span>microsecond<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> long, using a </span>cavity magnetron<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> or </span>klystron tube<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> connected by a </span>waveguide<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> to a </span>parabolic antenna<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;">. The wavelengths of 1 to 10 cm (4 in) are approximately ten times the diameter of the droplets or ice particles of interest, because </span>Rayleigh scattering<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> occurs at these frequencies.</span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Between each pulse, the radar station serves as a receiver and listens for return signals from particles in the air. The duration of the "listen" cycle is on the order of a millisecond, which is a thousand times longer than the pulse duration. The length of this phase is determined by the need for the microwave radiation (which travels at the speed of light) to propagate from the detector, to the weather target, and back again, a distance which could be several hundred kilometers. The horizontal distance from station to target is calculated simply from the amount of time that lapses from the initiation of the pulse to the detection of the return signal. (The time is converted into distance by multiplying by the speed of light in air) :</span></i></div>
<dl style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><img alt="Distance = c\ \frac {\Delta t}{2n}" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/math/0/5/2/052ef520c9a7f7355fccf17873e46077.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /> (c = speed of light = 299,792.458 km/s, n = refractive index of air ~= 1.0003).</dd><dd style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><br /></dd><dd style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><br /></dd><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Radar-hauteur-en.svg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Radar-hauteur-en.svg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">The most frequent use</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">of the radar</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">is located</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">at airports</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">to support</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">the</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">air traffic</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">control and safety</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">as well as</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">in </span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">meteorological research</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps alt-edited" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">for studying</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">violent</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">weather phenomena</span><span class="" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">, or</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps alt-edited" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">in territorial management</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps alt-edited" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">in the prevention</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">of</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">extreme weather events</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps alt-edited" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">such as floods</span><span class="" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">,</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">or</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps alt-edited" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" tabindex="-1">to monitor</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">the trend</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">of events such as </span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">tornadoes</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">or</span><span style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> </span><span class="hps" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">hurricanes</span><span class="" style="line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">.</span></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPdq0Mw8BdliYG5WKlvZ8po4UF27RxBf1DJR_ePk3MLgHD_YvE7PO56cKkSdhxxGTYjQjNerXvZ0WdU-UboocPm7y1q_VOSB8IQuCo9gIWnEi6DFn5x41CPZk4eEZ7ThzrxNDs1jGCGUVh/s1600/radar-meteo-meteor-1500C-impianto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPdq0Mw8BdliYG5WKlvZ8po4UF27RxBf1DJR_ePk3MLgHD_YvE7PO56cKkSdhxxGTYjQjNerXvZ0WdU-UboocPm7y1q_VOSB8IQuCo9gIWnEi6DFn5x41CPZk4eEZ7ThzrxNDs1jGCGUVh/s400/radar-meteo-meteor-1500C-impianto.jpg" width="327" /></a></div>
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</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-37310333604157785872012-05-24T21:03:00.001+02:002012-05-24T21:03:09.582+02:00Miami and JFK airports METAR<div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyy_4KmWPDLdoK5_XHvwgSi8kEaJfYSnXZ1MXwbPl_NbRECkGZoykRky1td9XBQI3pUwCfyL8L11PJKCe7HEFcdhBAPmlrMg4bR_a3FBRVNMdjnEbVMmszrLbokUoyl8ofeCibXb7O0IKw/s640/blogger-image-1127664997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyy_4KmWPDLdoK5_XHvwgSi8kEaJfYSnXZ1MXwbPl_NbRECkGZoykRky1td9XBQI3pUwCfyL8L11PJKCe7HEFcdhBAPmlrMg4bR_a3FBRVNMdjnEbVMmszrLbokUoyl8ofeCibXb7O0IKw/s640/blogger-image-1127664997.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOt-xJkV0Izw3_9APeRzrT416vQ4ekTDUzP6ptpnYhKpxxzFJZW_UwJ1u8WXyCVrjFzad3t3FKdbygMgUfoicHonQ4vKugO4R5JeYjMMbDjyoPwu7VsEjf6Hxzo92eapfkQ2smb16Vgkj3/s640/blogger-image--1669455886.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOt-xJkV0Izw3_9APeRzrT416vQ4ekTDUzP6ptpnYhKpxxzFJZW_UwJ1u8WXyCVrjFzad3t3FKdbygMgUfoicHonQ4vKugO4R5JeYjMMbDjyoPwu7VsEjf6Hxzo92eapfkQ2smb16Vgkj3/s640/blogger-image--1669455886.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-32881372729646828742012-05-20T21:02:00.005+02:002012-05-27T20:25:03.605+02:00Filed Flight Plan<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/International_flight_plan.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/International_flight_plan.png" width="472" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"><b>Flight plans</b></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> are documents filed by </span>pilots<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> or a Flight Dispatcher with the local </span>Civil Aviation Authority<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> (e.g. </span>FAA<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"> in the USA and EUROCONTROL in the UE) prior to departure. Flight plan format is specified in the <b>ICAO Doc 4444</b>.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px;"><i><br /></i></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>The filed 7 is <b>AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION</b> that can be :</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Call Sign </i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>The ICAO code of company ( e.g. AZA = Alitalia ) and the number of fliglt</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke;">The</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke;">field</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke;">8 is<b> FLIGHT RULES and TYPE OF FLIGHT</b> that contain as follow:</span></i></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>FLIGHT RULES</i></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'I'> if is a IFR flight</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'V'> if is a VFR flight</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'Y'> if the flight start in IFR
<span class="hps alt-edited" style="background-color: whitesmoke;" tabindex="-1">and terminates in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke;">VFR</span></i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'Z'> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">if the flight start in VFR <span class="hps alt-edited" style="background-color: whitesmoke;" tabindex="-1">and terminates in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke;"> IFR</span></span> </i></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>TYPE of FLIGHT</b></i></span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'S'> scheduled Flight</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'N'> unscheduled flight</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'G'> General Aviation</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><'M'> military </i></span></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><'X'> other</span></i></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>The filed 9 is Number and it is composed by:</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">Here you enter</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">the number</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">of aircraft</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">if</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">more than</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">1 (in</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">case of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">flight</span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">training)</span><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;" /><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;" /><b><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">Type of</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">aircraft</span></b><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps atn" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">(</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">2 to</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">4 characters</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">)</span><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;" /><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;" /><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">Here you enter</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">the ICAO code</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">of the aircraft</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">will be using,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">such as</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"></span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">B738</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">Boeing</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">737-800,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">B463</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">for the</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">British Aerospace BAe</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">-146</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">-300</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">EUFI</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">for the Eurofighter</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">,</span><span style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"> </span><span class="hps" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">etc.</span><span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;">.</span>
</span></i><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://web.ivao.it/images/stories/flightops/IVAO%20FPL_acft.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="372" src="http://web.ivao.it/images/stories/flightops/IVAO%20FPL_acft.png" width="400" /></span></i></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">You can find all codes about aircraft <a href="http://www.ivao.aero/db/aircraft/" target="_blank">here</a></span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><strong style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Wake Turbulence Category (only one character)</span></i></strong></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"></span><br />
<ul><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<li><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps">L for</span> <span class="hps atn">"</span><span class="">light"</span> <span class="hps">that indicates</span> <span class="hps">aircraft</span> <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">maximum take off weight</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">MTOW</span>) <span class="hps">up</span> <span class="hps">to 7,000</span> <span class="hps">kg</span> <span class="hps">(15,500</span> <span class="hps">lbs</span>)</li>
<li><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps">M</span> <span class="hps atn">for "</span>Medium" <span class="hps">indicates</span> <span class="hps">that</span> <span class="hps">aircraft</span> <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps">maximum takeoff weight</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">MTOW</span>) <span class="hps">exceeding</span> <span class="hps">7,000</span> <span class="hps">kg up</span> <span class="hps">to 136,000</span> <span class="hps">kg</span><span class="hps">(300,000</span> <span class="hps">lbs</span>)</li>
<li><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps">H</span> <span class="hps atn">for "</span><span class="">Heavy</span><span class="">"</span> <span class="hps">indicates</span> <span class="hps">that</span> <span class="hps">aircraft</span> <span class="hps">with a</span> <span class="hps">maximum takeoff weight</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">MTOW</span><span class="">) of more than</span> <span class="hps">136,000</span> <span class="hps">kg</span></li>
</span></i></ul>
<br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <b>The filed 10 is EQUIPMENT :</b></span></i></span></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span></i></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps">In the</span> <span class="hps">first part</span> <span class="hps">of this</span> <span class="hps">box</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">should be added</span> <span class="hps">the letters</span> <span class="hps">corresponding</span><span class="hps">to the</span> <span class="hps" tabindex="-1">aircraft's communications</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">navigation and</span> <span class="hps" tabindex="-1">aids</span> <span class="hps">for approach</span><span class="hps">on board</span> <span class="hps">and working.</span></span></i></span><br />
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps">N</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">if not present</span> <span class="hps">any</span> <span class="hps">apparatus or</span> <span class="hps">equipment</span> <span class="hps">present</span> <span class="hps">are unusable</span></span></i></span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps">S</span> <span class="hps" tabindex="-1">for equipment</span> <span class="hps">COM</span> <span class="hps">/</span> <span class="hps">NAV</span> <span class="hps">Standard</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">VHF</span> <span class="hps">RTF</span><span class="">,</span> <span class="hps">ADF</span><span class="">,</span><span class="hps">VOR</span> <span class="hps">and ILS</span><span class="">)</span></span></i></span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps">The letter</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">D for</span> <span class="hps alt-edited" tabindex="-1">DME</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="">Distance Measuring</span> <span class="hps">Equipment)</span></span></i></span></i></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="hps">Other</span> <span class="hps">abbreviations</span> <span class="hps">that can be used are :</span></span></i></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><span class="hps"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span></span><br />
<span class="" style="background-color: whitesmoke;"><span class="hps"></span></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<li><strong>C</strong> LORAN C (Long Range Air Navigation system “B”)</li>
<li><strong>F</strong> ADF (Già incluso in S)</li>
<li><strong>G</strong> GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)</li>
<li><strong>H</strong> HF RTF (High Frequency Radiotelephone)</li>
<li><strong>I</strong> INS (Inertial navigation)</li>
<li><strong>J</strong> Data link (in Item 18 specify equipment by DAT/ and one or more letters)</li>
<li><strong>K </strong> MLS (Microwave Landing System)</li>
<li><strong>L</strong> ILS </li>
<li><strong>M</strong> Omega</li>
<li><strong>O</strong> VOR </li>
<li><strong>R</strong> RNP (Area Navigation)</li>
<li><strong>T</strong> TACAN (UHF Tactical Air Navigation Aid)</li>
<li><strong>U</strong> UHF RTF (Ultra-High Frequency Radiotelephone)</li>
<li><strong>V </strong> VHF RTF (Very-High Frequency Radiotelephone) </li>
<li><strong>W </strong> RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum)</li>
<li><strong>X</strong> MNPS (Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications)</li>
<li><strong>Y</strong> 8.33 kHz (channel spacing radio equipment)</li>
</span></i></ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i><br /></i></span></span><br />
<ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</span></i></ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>The filed 13 i </i></span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Departure Aerodrome</span></i></span></b></div>
<div>
<strong style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>In this filed you see the Aerodrome's ICAO CODE such as:</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>LIRF = Rome Fiumicino Airport</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>LIML = Milan Linate Airport</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>KMIA = </i></span></span><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">Miami International Airport</span></span></i></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><b>The filed 15 is composed by :</b></i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: justify;">Cruising speed</span>
</b></i></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i>Level</i></b></span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i>Route</i></b></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Cruising Speed:</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="line-height: 15px;">In this filed you can find the cruising speed to maintain during the flight with a letter that is the unit that can be :</span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>K = Km/h</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>N = Knots</i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>M = Mach</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<i style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">LEVEL:</span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="line-height: 15px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">It's the flight altitude.</span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">Route:</span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">It's composed by the SID (</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px;">Standard Instrument Departure), </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px;">Transition segment to enroute, Airway and all change that aircraft will make.</span></span></i>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>The filed 16 is composed by:</b></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"><b>Destination aerodrome</b> (airport icao code )</span></i></span></span></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span style="line-height: 19px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;">Total EET </span></span>
</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"><b> (Estimated Elapsed Time)</b> ; it's composed by hours and minute ( example 0230 = 2 hours and 30 minutes)</span></span></i></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Altn aerodrome ( Alternative aerodrome )</b> ; it's composed by the icao code of Alternative airport </span></i></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 15px;">The filed 16 is </span></span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px;">Other information :</strong></span></i></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>In this filed you can find all information that could be useful for the air traffic control services as follow:</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="color: #333333; line-height: 15px;">
<li style="display: inline !important;"><i><i><ul style="background-color: white; display: inline !important; text-align: left;">
<li style="display: inline !important;"><strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;"><br /></strong></li>
</ul>
</i></i></li>
</i></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DOF/<span style="color: #333333;"></span></span></b></i></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;">EET/</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"> </span></b></i></span></li>
<li><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;">OPR/</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"> </span></span></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;">RALT/</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"> </span></span></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;">REG/</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"> </span></span></b></i></li>
<li><i><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;">SEL/</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"> </span></span></b></i></li>
<li><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 15px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">STS/</span></i></strong></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i>The last filed is Other Information</i></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i>In this filed you can see as follow:</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i><b>Endurance ( HHMM for example 0320)</b></i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i><b>Person on board</b></i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i><b>Pilot in command (Name and Surname)</b></i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><i><strong style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;">Aircraft color and markings (MTL)</strong>
</i></span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://web.ivao.it/images/stories/flightops/IVAO%20FPL_full.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="611" src="http://web.ivao.it/images/stories/flightops/IVAO%20FPL_full.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 15px;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><u><br /></u></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><u><br /></u></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><u>Hope that this post has been of interest to you.</u></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><u>Let me know how you think about.</u></i></span></div>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-38065042609780997272012-05-16T23:00:00.001+02:002012-05-16T23:00:50.177+02:00Rome Fiumicino Airport - METAR -<div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4yYOao_TbSCH8ey1RgrmnwVtjWW8gJAkSsMIn70A59bLHY-Ir5-Ile5DZ22Pxpq7vHA4zWCcjAPISxU3rv-bD9kAWsvehtn9qGwB9COve4GpDF3dS7ZkSRTo1p81o3p69PSw4_kd_-qVX/s640/blogger-image--965231948.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4yYOao_TbSCH8ey1RgrmnwVtjWW8gJAkSsMIn70A59bLHY-Ir5-Ile5DZ22Pxpq7vHA4zWCcjAPISxU3rv-bD9kAWsvehtn9qGwB9COve4GpDF3dS7ZkSRTo1p81o3p69PSw4_kd_-qVX/s640/blogger-image--965231948.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0Roma Roma41.956616 12.545292tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-46830101446263782162012-05-15T20:58:00.001+02:002012-05-15T21:00:08.522+02:00Rome Fiumicino AirportSource :
<a href="http://euro.wx.propilots.net/">http://euro.wx.propilots.net/</a><br />
<br />
METAR <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">LIRF 151820Z 25006KT CAVOK 16/10 Q1011 NOSIG</span><br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="#99CCFF" colspan="2"><b>General Info</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Country</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Italy</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">ICAO ID</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">LIRF</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Time</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">UTC+1(+2DT)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Latitude</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">41.804475<br />
41° 48' 16.11" N</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Longitude</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">12.250797<br />
012° 15' 02.87" E</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Elevation</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">15 feet<br />
5 meters</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Type</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Civil</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Magnetic Variation</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">001° E (01/06)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Beacon</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Yes</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Operating Agency</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">CIVIL GOVERNMENT, (LANDING FEES AND DIPLOMATIC CLEARANCE MAY BE REQUIRED)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Alternate Name</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">LEONARDO DA VINCI INTL</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Near City</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Rome</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Operating Hours</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">24 HOUR OPERATIONS</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">International Clearance Status</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Airport of Entry</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Daylight Saving Time</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="99CCFF" colspan="2"><b>Communications</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="40%">FIUME TWR</td><td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" width="60%">118.7<br />
127.625<br />
(127.625 avbl 0600-2200Z++ for Rwy 16L/34R or 16C/34C)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="40%">FIUME GND/APRON<br />
<i>(ATC and start up clnc on 121.8 0600-2200Z++, 121.9 H24)</i></td><td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" width="60%">121.8<br />
121.9<br />
122.125<br />
(Push back and taxi clnc on 122.125 0600-2200Z++, 121.9 H24)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="40%">FIUME RAMP</td><td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" width="60%">121.725</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="40%">ATIS</td><td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" width="60%">114.9<br />
121.85<br />
(ARR 114.9)(DEP 121.85)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="40%">ROMA DIRECTOR ARR<br />
<i>Opr 0700-1900Z++</i></td><td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" width="60%">119.2</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="99CCFF" colspan="5"><b>Runways</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="20%">ID<br />
<small>(Click for details.)</small></td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="35%">Dimensions</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="25%">Surface</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="13%">PCN</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="7%">ILS</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="20%"><a href="http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?runway=IT0496625">07/25</a></td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="35%">10856 x 148 feet<br />
3309 x 45 meters</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="25%">ASPHALT</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="13%">-</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="7%">YES</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="20%"><a href="http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?runway=IT0496634L">16R/34L</a></td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="35%">12795 x 197 feet<br />
3900 x 60 meters</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="25%">ASPHALT</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="13%">-</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="7%">YES</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="20%"><a href="http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?runway=IT0496634R">16L/34R</a></td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="35%">12795 x 197 feet<br />
3900 x 60 meters</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="25%">ASPHALT</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="13%">-</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="7%">YES</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="99CCFF" colspan="7"><b>Navaids</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="15%">Type</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="10%">ID</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="35%">Name</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="10%">Channel</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="10%">Freq</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="10%">Distance From Field</td><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="10%">Bearing From Navaid</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="15%">VOR-DME</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">OST</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="35%"><a href="http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?nav=OSTIA&nav_id=OST&nav_type=4">OSTIA</a></td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">096X</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">114.9</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">At Field</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">-</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="15%">NDB</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">OST</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="35%"><a href="http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?nav=OSTIA&nav_id=OST&nav_type=5">OSTIA</a></td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">-</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">321</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">At Field</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="10%">-</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="99CCFF" colspan="2"><b>Supplies/Equipment</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">Fuel</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Jet A1+, Jet A1 with icing inhibitor.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table class="data" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvitica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><tbody>
<tr><th bgcolor="99CCFF" colspan="2"><b>Remarks</b></th></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">CAUTION</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Lo level wind shear possible. Multi cranes S of arpt btn Rwy 16L and 16R to 172'.</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">FUEL</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">(NC-A1)</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">LGT</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">PAPI Rwy 25 MEHT 75'.</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="C0C0C0" width="40%">MISC</td><td bgcolor="F0F0F0" width="60%">Rwy 16L/34R prim for ldg - must rpt rwy vacated; Rwy 25 prim for tkof; other rwyuse by ATC discretion. Rwy 16C/34C identified and used as Twy D. Rwy 16C/34C may be used as a rwy nml activated by NOTAM at least 48 hr PN. Rwy 16L/34R willthen be clsd.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0Roma Fiumicino (FCO), Fiumicino Airport (FCO), Via Portuense, 2365, 00054 Fiumicino RM, Italia41.80258 12.255103541.755489 12.176139500000001 41.849671 12.3340675tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-15562657472038238422012-05-15T17:38:00.001+02:002012-05-28T19:58:04.568+02:00Older Radio Communicaton System<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgezFvy1q28S9KorliDeI9IKFldvvPmJzI5SafUS93t0GNV0XOf0pxaVPwMqtEC5So-jjMNXMUvP8YeEiSqE1txo4joQYg7xP9lpwUKK71gqmYUF43LX3n8b7ZJX1SnxVRUQI-KkCnbFwzS/s640/blogger-image--843263112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgezFvy1q28S9KorliDeI9IKFldvvPmJzI5SafUS93t0GNV0XOf0pxaVPwMqtEC5So-jjMNXMUvP8YeEiSqE1txo4joQYg7xP9lpwUKK71gqmYUF43LX3n8b7ZJX1SnxVRUQI-KkCnbFwzS/s640/blogger-image--843263112.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-12655090341750440922012-05-14T08:20:00.001+02:002012-05-14T08:20:42.281+02:00Rome Fiumicino Aurport Metar<br />
<div class="separator"style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDIkHA1MnuUUC1ObjLz5RyD4ZX3UW7iDc8r3fesYrnGIh2VD_0exc53VNums-f2L-dJCPN-DlmzZFgvjkt-hMObFUApn4PCmyIoDdnHHTAQSFeU5o1Hzcitdz7lm9NkoIFsHG4GAS3IHWN/s640/blogger-image--790794749.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDIkHA1MnuUUC1ObjLz5RyD4ZX3UW7iDc8r3fesYrnGIh2VD_0exc53VNums-f2L-dJCPN-DlmzZFgvjkt-hMObFUApn4PCmyIoDdnHHTAQSFeU5o1Hzcitdz7lm9NkoIFsHG4GAS3IHWN/s640/blogger-image--790794749.jpg" /></a></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-50313958403175484162012-05-13T16:55:00.000+02:002012-05-13T16:55:32.685+02:00ATIS<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Automatic Terminal Information Service, or ATIS, is a continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol information in busier terminal areas. ATIS broadcasts contain essential information, such as weather information, which runways are active, available approaches, and any other information required by the pilots, such as important NOTAMs. Pilots usually listen to an available ATIS broadcast before contacting the local control unit, in order to reduce the controllers' workload and relieve frequency congestion.<br /><br />The recording is updated in fixed intervals or when there is a significant change in the information, like a change in the active runway. It is given a letter designation (example bravo), from the ICAO spelling alphabet. The letter progresses down the alphabet with every update and starts at Alpha after a break in service of 12 hours or more. When contacting the local control unit, a pilot will indicate he/she has "information" and the ATIS identification letter to let the controller know that the pilot is up to date with all current information.</i></span><div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>ATIS can receiver the information from AWOS or directly from sensors.</i></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>It is classified as ATM system ( Air Traffic Management ) </i></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-76108867020034224012012-05-12T13:43:00.001+02:002012-05-12T13:43:11.366+02:00Syrep Bulletin<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"><i>Syrep is a message typically emitted each morning for the daily summaries of the data recorded by a weather station during the previous day.</i></span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Syrep contain data about wind, precipitations, temperature, relative humidity and sunshine, and the AWOS systems can be compile automatically</i></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-23769658968214639552012-05-11T22:28:00.000+02:002012-05-11T22:28:08.573+02:00Synop Bulletin<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"><i><i>SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code used for reporting weather observations made by manned and automated weather stations.</i></i></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>It isn't a Aeronautical Bulletin but is a Statistic Bulletin.</i></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours.</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>This Bulletin contain information about visibility, ceiling, clouds and pressure and AWOS systems are able to compile automatically. </i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Synop Format:</i></span></div>
<div>
<i><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This is the general structure of a SYNOP message. Numbers shown here are fixed (group indicators), numbers replacing the x's contain the weather data plus information about the station's position (and speed and direction where applicable).</span></i><br /><pre style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-left-style: dashed; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-right-style: dashed; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(47, 111, 171); border-top-style: dashed; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: monospace, Courier; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.3em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em; text-align: -webkit-auto;">xxxxx xxxxx 99xxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx 00xxx 1xxxx 2xxxx 3xxxx 4xxxx 5xxxx
6xxxx 7xxxx 8xxxx 9xxxx 222xx 0xxxx 1xxxx 2xxxx 3xxxx 4xxxx 5xxxx 6xxxx
70xxx 8xxxx
333 0xxxx 1xxxx 2xxxx 3xxxx 4xxxx 5xxxx xxxxx 6xxxx 7xxxx 8xxxx 9xxxx</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>Example</i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<div style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="2"><tbody>
<tr><td>AAXX</td><td>13064</td><td>16194</td><td>41660</td><td>80502</td><td>10235</td><td>20140</td><td>40086</td><td>57007</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>78082</td><td>8693/</td><td>333</td><td>20201</td><td>30020</td><td>82930</td><td>85635</td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b>How read:</b></div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
</div>
<table align="center" border="" cellpadding="2"><tbody>
<tr><td><b>Code</b></td><td><b>Symbol</b></td><td><b>Significance</b></td></tr>
<tr><td>AAXX</td><td>MiMiMjMj</td><td>SYNOP Bulletin</td></tr>
<tr><td>13064</td><td>YYGGIw</td><td>day 13 at 06 UTC<br />Wind is observed by anemometer (Iw=4)</td></tr>
<tr><td>16194</td><td>IIiii</td><td>On the Italian, Greek or Maltese station (16) number 194</td></tr>
<tr><td>41660</td><td>IrIxhVV</td><td>There are no data about precipitation because reading is not executed (Ir=4)<br />The station is manned by staff (not automatic) in the first section contains data about the present and past (Ix = 1) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><br /></span>The base of low clouds is between 1000 and 1500 meters ( h=6 )<br />Minimum Visibility is 10 Km ( VV=60 )</td></tr>
<tr><td>80502</td><td>Nddff</td><td>Sky coverage is 8/8 ( N=8 )<br />Wind direction = 50° Wind speed = 2 KN (ddff = 0502 )</td></tr>
<tr><td>10235</td><td>1SnTTT</td><td>Air Temperature = +23,5°C </td></tr>
<tr><td>20140</td><td>2SnTdTdTd</td><td>Dew Point = +14,0°C</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>3PoPoPoPo</td><td>Atmospheric Pressure = N.A.</td></tr>
<tr><td>40086</td><td>4PPPP</td><td>QNH = 1008,6 hPa</td></tr>
<tr><td>57007</td><td>5appp</td><td>The barometric trend is decreased and the pressure change in thelast three hours was 0.7 hPa</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td>6RRRtr</td><td>Precipitation = N.A</td></tr>
<tr><td>78082</td><td>7wwW1W2</td><td>Weather Condition : light rain ( -RA)<br />and in the last three hours occurredshowers (2= Not Significant Data )</td></tr>
<tr><td>8693/</td><td>8NhClCmCh</td><td>Cloud Coverage : consists of 6/8 of low clouds type ofcumulonimbus anvil with presence of high and undetectable altocumulus clouds</td></tr>
<tr><td>333</td><td></td><td>Section number 3</td></tr>
<tr><td>20201</td><td>2SnTnTnTn</td><td>Minimum Temperature was 20,1°C</td></tr>
<tr><td>32020</td><td>3ESnTgTg</td><td>Ground Status = wet</td></tr>
<tr><td>82930</td><td>8NsChshs</td><td>Other Clouds CB with coverage equal to 2/8</td></tr>
<tr><td>85635</td><td>8NsChshs</td><td>Other Clouds : SC
with coverage equal to 6/8</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-50282505655827317152012-05-11T21:37:00.000+02:002012-05-11T21:37:09.207+02:00Met Report Bulletin<i style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"></i><br />
<div>
<i style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"><i>Met Report is a format for reporting weather<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"> information that contain all data related to the runway in use and it can be sent every hour or every 30 minutes. If there are weather change between the bulletins, AMO employees must send another bulletin called SPECIAL. This bulletins are sent from AWOS to ATIS io order to send, by radio communication, to pilots and communicate the weather condition in approach and in clam-bout. </span></i></i></div>
<i style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">A typical Met Report contain the following data:</span></i><ul style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Type of Bulletin</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>ICAO airport code </b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Date e Time </b>(indicates the time of the observation, day of the month followed by the Zulu time of day)</i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>RUNWAY in use </b>( for landing and take off )</i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Wind direction and Speed </b> ( wind direction is indicated by degrees, wind speed is indicated by knots -KT- or meter per second -MPS- )</i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Prevailing Visibility </i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Runway Visual Range</b> ( this data is posted if the prevailing visibility is under 1500 meters or if the visibility of one or all RVR sensors give a visibility under 1500 meters ) </i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Present Weather</i> </b><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>( the following table don't have all PW but only the most common )</i></span></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Sky coverage</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Temperature and Dew Point</b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Pressure</b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Auxiliary information</b></i></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i>From Amend. 75 annex 3 ICAO on Met Report must be sent ALL data sensors for runway in use</i></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19px;"><i> </i></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Present Weather Code</span></b></div>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;" /><table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 38px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>PW Code</b></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 38px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>English Name</b></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 38px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Italian Name</b></th></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>DZ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Drizzle</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Pioviggine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>RA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Rain</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Pioggia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>SN</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Snow</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Neve</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>SG</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Snow grains</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Neve granulosa</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>IC</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Diamond dust</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Cristalli di ghiaccio</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>PL</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Ice Pellets</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Pioggia gelata (granuli di ghiaccio)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>GR</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Hail</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Grandine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>GS</b></td><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Small hail and/or Snow Grains</b></td><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Grandine piccola (meno di 5mm) e/o Granuli di Neve</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>BR</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Mist</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Foschia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>FG</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Fog</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Nebbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>FU</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Smoke</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Fumo</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>VA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Volcanic ash</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Cenere vulcanica</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>DU</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Widespead dust</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Polvere (su un'area estesa)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>SA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Sand</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>HZ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Haze</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Caligine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>PO</b></td><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Well-Developed Dust/Sand Whirls</b></td><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Mulinelli di polvere e sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>SQ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Squalls</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Groppi</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>FC</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Funnel cloud</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Tornado o tromba marina</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>SS</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Sand storm</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Tempesta di sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 78px;"><b>DS</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 228px;"><b>Dust storm</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 351px;"><b>Tempesta di polvere </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-49693458691201385532012-05-11T21:21:00.000+02:002012-05-11T21:25:26.467+02:00Metar Bulletin<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i>Metar is a format for reporting weather<span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"> information about the airport and it can be sent every hour or every 30 minutes. If there are weather change between the bulletins, AMO employees must send another bulletin called SPECI. This bulletin is sent to international network and everyone can see the last Metar on web such as <a href="http://euro.wx.propilots.net/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_link.gif); background-origin: initial; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; color: rgb(51, 102, 153) !important; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;">this</a>. </span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Example:</span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i>Rome Fiumicino Airport</i></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;">METAR LIRF 111850Z 26005KT CAVOK 20/15 Q1022 NOSIG RMK VIS MIN 9999=</span>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<i style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">A typical Metar contain the following data:</span></i><br />
<ul style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Type of Bulletin</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>ICAO airport code </b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Date e Time </b>(indicates the time of the observation, day of the month followed by the Zulu time of day)</i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Wind direction and Speed </b> ( wind direction is indicated by degrees, wind speed is indicated by knots -KT- or meter per second -MPS- )</i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Prevailing Visibility </i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Runway Visual Range</b> ( this data is posted if the prevailing visibility is under 1500 meters or if the visibility of one or all RVR sensors give a visibility under 1500 meters ) </i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Present Weather</i></b> <span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><i>( the following table don't have all PW but only the most common, In addition you can find the VC = vicinity. For example you can find the VCTS = Vicinity thunderstorm )</i></span></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Sky coverage</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Temperature and Dew Point</b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Pressure</b></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Additional information</i></b></li>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Recent Weather</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Condition of Runway</i></b></li>
</ul>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b><i>Trend</i></b></span></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Remark</i></b></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>In this example you can see CAVOK, it mean Ceiling and Visibility are OK. </b></i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>It can be used only if:</b></i></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>Visibility is more than 10 Km</b></i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>There aren't Present Weather</b></i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><b>There is SKY CLEAR or NOT SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS</b></i></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span><br />
<div style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Present Weather Code</span></b></div>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>PW Code</b></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>English Name</b></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/788715/system/app/themes/solitudenavy/bg_pattern.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Italian Name</b></th></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>DZ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Drizzle</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Pioviggine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>RA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Rain</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Pioggia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>SN</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Snow</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Neve</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>SG</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Snow grains</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Neve granulosa</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>IC</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Diamond dust</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Cristalli di ghiaccio</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>PL</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Ice Pellets</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Pioggia gelata (granuli di ghiaccio)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>GR</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Hail</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Grandine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>GS</b></td><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Small hail and/or Snow Grains</b></td><td style="height: 21px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Grandine piccola (meno di 5mm) e/o Granuli di Neve</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>BR</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Mist</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Foschia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>FG</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Fog</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Nebbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>FU</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Smoke</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Fumo</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>VA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Volcanic ash</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Cenere vulcanica</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>DU</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Widespead dust</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Polvere (su un'area estesa)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>SA</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Sand</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>HZ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Haze</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Caligine</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>PO</b></td><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Well-Developed Dust/Sand Whirls</b></td><td style="height: 20px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Mulinelli di polvere e sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>SQ</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Squalls</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Groppi</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>FC</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Funnel cloud</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Tornado o tromba marina</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>SS</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Sand storm</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Tempesta di sabbia</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 82px;"><b>DS</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 232px;"><b>Dust storm</b></td><td style="height: 19px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: top; width: 355px;"><b>Tempesta di polvere </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-38068508504378117522012-05-11T21:06:00.003+02:002012-05-11T21:06:52.257+02:00Aeronautical Weather<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i>All airports have many weather sensors in all runways, this allow an automate system to receive all data come from the sensors and compile automatically the weather bulletins. </i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left;">
<i>To make the bulletins one airport with only one runway must have:</i><div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>3 Visibility sensors</b> ( this allow the AWOS to show the prevailing visibility and </i><i>the minimum visibility ) </i></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2 Celiometer </b></span></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2 Barometer</b></span></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2 Anemometer</b></span></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>2 Thermo-hygrometer</b></span></i></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><span style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;"><b>1 Rain gauge </b></span></i><br /><div style="margin-right: auto;">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<i>The Bulletins that can be automatically compiled are:</i><ul>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Met Report or Local Report</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Metar</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><b><i>Synop</i></b></li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;"><i><b>Syrep</b></i></li>
</ul>
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
</div>
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-41528989786733994162012-05-11T20:12:00.000+02:002012-05-11T20:12:56.168+02:00Lightning detection<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cloud discharges and CG flashes both radiate energy over a wide spectrum of frequencies, predominately the radio frequency (RF) bands. During the “stepped” process that creates new channels, there are strong emissions in the very high frequency (VHF) range. High current discharges along previously established channels (“return strokes”) generate powerful emissions in the low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) ranges. Medium frequency (MF) emissions are centred in the AM radio band and are responsible for the static we hear on</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-gb"><span style="color: #231f20;"><a href="http://kwos.org/images/Lightning_via_radio.png" style="color: #999999;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;"><img align="left" border="0" height="400" src="http://kwos.org/images/Lightning_via_radio.png" width="370" /></span></a></span></span></span><span lang="en-gb" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">AM radio during lightning storms.</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"></span></i></span><div style="background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);">
<span lang="en-gb"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Cloud and ground flashes produce significantly different RF emissions over different time scales, which can be used to distinguish between these two classes of lightning. With their high current and predominately vertically oriented return strokes that generate magnetic fields, CG flashes produce strong signals that can easily be associated with a single position near the point they strike the earth’s surface.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="en-gb"> When high currents occur in previously ionized channels during cloud-to-ground flashes, <b>the most powerful emissions occur in the VLF range</b>. VLF (very low frequency) refers to radio frequencies in the range of 3 kHz to 30 kHz. An essential advantage of low frequencies in contrast to higher frequencies is the property that these signals are propagated over thousands of kilometres by reflections from the ionosphere and the ground.<br />Waves with a frequency between 30 and 3 kHz have a length between 10 and 100 km. An applicable antenna for these frequencies is a small loop antenna of size less than 1/10000 of the wavelength in circumference.<br />The electric field of the radio waves emitted by cloud-to-ground lightning discharges is mostly oriented vertically, and thus the magnetic field is oriented horizontally. To cover all directions (all-around 360 degree) it is advisable to use more than one loop. A suitable solution can be obtained by two orthogonal crossed loops as they are used for direction finding systems.<br />The size of the antenna can extremely be reduced by using ferrite rods. But a high number of turns are necessary to reach the same voltage compared with a loop antenna.<br />This implies that the ferrite antenna has a lower resonance frequency than the loop antenna.<br />The resonance frequency of the ferrite antenna for wide-band VLF reception should not fall below 100 kHz.</span></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-size: small;"></span></i></span></div>
<i><span style="background-color: white; color: #231f20; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"></span></i><span style="background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica;"></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11119754065549856568noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1386080556343865073.post-6828057466052061382012-05-11T12:47:00.000+02:002012-05-12T14:05:28.789+02:00WELCOMEHi Guys,<br />
in this Blog I'd like to talk with you about Weather Stations, Weather Systems, Sensors and also about Weather bulletin such as METAR, Met Report, Synop and Syrep.<br />
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Hope you can help me to use a very simple language in order to understand and increase the knowledge to all.<br />
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